Research
GHK-Cu Capsules Product Information
| Molecular formula: | C16H28CuN6O6-2 |
| Molecular weight: | 463.98 g/mol |
| PubChem CID: | 156588903 |
| Research Applications: |
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What is GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)?
GHK-CU, abbreviated as Glycyl-Histidyl-Lysine-Copper (also known as ghk-copper), is a naturally occurring peptide discovered in human blood plasma, urine, and saliva. First recognized in the early 1970s, GHK-CU has gained attention due to its potential benefits in various aspects of health and skincare.
In terms of chemical makeup, GHK-CU consists of three amino acids—glycine, histidine, and lysine—bound to a copper ion. At physiological pH levels, GHK-CU forms stable complexes with copper, allowing for the delivery of nontoxic copper into cells. These complexes can further interact with other components within the body, potentially modifying gene expression and influencing numerous cellular processes.
How Does GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide) Work?
GHK-Cu’s regenerative and protective actions are attributed to its unique relationship with copper, a transitional metal vital for all eukaryotic organisms. Copper can switch between oxidized Cu(II) and reduced Cu(I) forms, serving as an essential co-factor in various biochemical reactions, such as cellular respiration, antioxidant defense, and connective tissue formation [R].
GHK-Cu has been found to modulate the expression of a significant number of human genes, with effects on gene expression observed in 31.2% of genes studied. This modulation includes both upregulation and downregulation of genes, which can explain the peptide’s diverse protective and healing actions. GHK-Cu is known to stimulate the production of collagen and elastin, which are important for maintaining the skin’s structural integrity and elasticity [R].
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties
GHK-Cu exhibits antioxidant properties by quenching cytotoxic end products of lipid peroxidation, which are associated with severe pathologies such as diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. It also has anti-inflammatory effects, shown to suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6, and decrease the activity of NF-κB, a protein complex that controls DNA transcription and cell survival [R].
Wound Healing and Angiogenesis
GHK-Cu promotes wound healing by stimulating the expression of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), which aid in angiogenesis—the formation of new blood vessels. This process is essential for delivering nutrients and oxygen to damaged tissues, facilitating repair and regeneration [R].
Skin Rejuvenation and Anti-Aging
In the context of skin health, GHK-Cu is widely used in anti-aging cosmetics due to its ability to firm the skin, reduce wrinkles, and improve skin elasticity. It has been shown to tighten loose skin, repair protective skin barrier proteins, and stimulate wound healing. GHK-Cu also protects skin cells from UV radiation and can improve the overall appearance of the skin [R].
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