GHK-Cu Product Description

GHK-Cu peptide is a naturally occurring copper tripeptide complex first isolated from human plasma in 1973. This research-grade compound consists of the amino acid sequence glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine complexed with copper ions. Studies examine its role in wound healing mechanisms, collagen synthesis pathways, and cellular regeneration processes in laboratory settings.

Our research-grade GHK-Cu undergoes rigorous third-party testing to verify purity standards. Manufactured in USA facilities following GMP protocols. Intended strictly for in vitro research applications by qualified researchers and institutions.

Peptide Specifications

SPECIFICATION	DESCRIPTION
Sequence	Gly-His-Lys (complexed with Cu2+)
Molecular Formula	C14H22CuN6O4
Molecular Weight	401.91 g/mol
CAS Number	89030-95-5
PubChem CID	73587
Synonyms	Copper Tripeptide-1, GHK Copper, Prezatide Copper, Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine Copper Complex
Purity	≥99% (HPLC)
Solubility	Soluble in water and bacteriostatic water
Storage Conditions	Store at ≤4°C, tightly sealed, away from heat and moisture
Physical Appearance	Solid white powder
Shelf Life	36 months from date of manufacture when stored properly
Quality Verification	Third-party tested by certified laboratory
Manufacturing Standard	USA-made, pharmaceutical-grade, GMP compliant
Intended Application	In vitro research applications only

Our Product Quality Guarantee

Every Limitless Biotech compound undergoes independent testing for endotoxins and sterility, meeting rigorous research standards through our systematic quality protocols and proactive manufacturing processes.

Buy GHK-Cu From Limitless Biotech

Limitless Biotech provides USA-manufactured peptide GHK-Cu with verified molecular sequences and purity through comprehensive third-party testing. We ensure research quality with same-day shipping and dedicated customer support for your scientific endeavors.

Research

GHK-Cu Capsules Product Information

Molecular formula:	C₁₆H₂₈CuN₆O₆^-2
Molecular weight:	463.98 g/mol
PubChem CID:	156588903
Research Applications:	Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties Wound Healing and Angiogenesis Skin Rejuvenation and Anti-Aging

What is GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)?

GHK-CU, abbreviated as Glycyl-Histidyl-Lysine-Copper (also known as ghk-copper), is a naturally occurring peptide discovered in human blood plasma, urine, and saliva. First recognized in the early 1970s, GHK-CU has gained attention due to its potential benefits in various aspects of health and skincare.

In terms of chemical makeup, GHK-CU consists of three amino acids—glycine, histidine, and lysine—bound to a copper ion. At physiological pH levels, GHK-CU forms stable complexes with copper, allowing for the delivery of nontoxic copper into cells. These complexes can further interact with other components within the body, potentially modifying gene expression and influencing numerous cellular processes.

How Does GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide) Work?

GHK-Cu’s regenerative and protective actions are attributed to its unique relationship with copper, a transitional metal vital for all eukaryotic organisms. Copper can switch between oxidized Cu(II) and reduced Cu(I) forms, serving as an essential co-factor in various biochemical reactions, such as cellular respiration, antioxidant defense, and connective tissue formation [R].

GHK-Cu has been found to modulate the expression of a significant number of human genes, with effects on gene expression observed in 31.2% of genes studied. This modulation includes both upregulation and downregulation of genes, which can explain the peptide’s diverse protective and healing actions. GHK-Cu is known to stimulate the production of collagen and elastin, which are important for maintaining the skin’s structural integrity and elasticity [R].

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties

GHK-Cu exhibits antioxidant properties by quenching cytotoxic end products of lipid peroxidation, which are associated with severe pathologies such as diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. It also has anti-inflammatory effects, shown to suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6, and decrease the activity of NF-κB, a protein complex that controls DNA transcription and cell survival [R].

Wound Healing and Angiogenesis

GHK-Cu promotes wound healing by stimulating the expression of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), which aid in angiogenesis—the formation of new blood vessels. This process is essential for delivering nutrients and oxygen to damaged tissues, facilitating repair and regeneration [R].

Skin Rejuvenation and Anti-Aging

In the context of skin health, GHK-Cu is widely used in anti-aging cosmetics due to its ability to firm the skin, reduce wrinkles, and improve skin elasticity. It has been shown to tighten loose skin, repair protective skin barrier proteins, and stimulate wound healing. GHK-Cu also protects skin cells from UV radiation and can improve the overall appearance of the skin [R].

Legal Disclaimer

This product is sold as a pure compound for research purposes only and is not meant for use as a dietary supplement. Please refer to our terms and conditions prior to purchase.

Safety Information: Keep this product out of the reach of children. This material has limited research available about it and may result in adverse effects if improperly handled or consumed. This product is not a dietary supplement, but a pure substance, sold as a raw material. We attest exclusively to the quality, purity and description of the materials we provide. This product is for use and handling only by persons with the knowledge and equipment to safely handle this material. You agree to indemnify us for any adverse effects that may arise from improper handling and/or consumption of this product.

The articles and information on products that may be found on this website are provided exclusively for the purposes of providing information and education. These items are not pharmaceuticals or medications, and the Food and Drug Administration has not given permission for the treatment or prevention of any disease, medical condition, or ailment using them.

Research

GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper) is a naturally occurring copper-binding peptide with diverse biological activities. Research spans its molecular structure, cellular mechanisms, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory pathways, and gene modulation studies.

Molecular Structure and Copper Binding

GHK-Cu forms a stable complex with copper(II), coordinating through three nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, with a dynamic fifth bond from the C-terminal carboxylate.

This structure is stable in both solid and solution states, and the peptide exhibits high affinity for copper, facilitating its biological activity. The redox properties of GHK-Cu are distinct, with the complex being reducible and capable of releasing copper under certain conditions^[1].

Skin Regeneration and Wound Healing

Research demonstrates GHK-Cu’s role in cellular remodeling processes. Studies show it influences synthesis of extracellular matrix components such as collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and decorin, and affects angiogenesis in tissue repair models^[2].

These effects occur through increased production of growth factors and modulation of cytokine expression, affecting both breakdown and synthesis of dermal matrix components^[3].

In cell and in vivo studies, GHK-Cu increased collagen and elastin production and improved skin elasticity. Topical application in nano-carriers significantly reduced wrinkle volume and depth compared to controls and commercial serum products^[9].

Anti-Aging and Cosmetic Applications

GHK levels decline with age in biological systems. Research shows GHK-Cu exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in cellular models, counteracts cellular senescence, and affects cognitive parameters in aging studies^[3][4].

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways

Studies show GHK-Cu affects oxidative stress responses by regulating antioxidant gene expression, blocking reactive oxygen species, and processing harmful byproducts. Research demonstrates its modulation of inflammatory pathways in cellular and tissue models^[4].

Hair Growth and Hair Loss Research

Research shows GHK-Cu increases proliferation of dermal papilla cells and keratinocytes in cell culture studies. Studies demonstrate enlarged hair follicle size and elongation in laboratory and animal models^[6].

Research indicates GHK-Cu affects production of growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in experimental models^[8].

Gene Expression Studies

GHK-Cu influences gene expression patterns in research models, reversing pathological gene signatures and affecting tissue integrity markers. Studies show it can shift gene expression from diseased to healthy patterns in experimental systems^[5].

Research Delivery Methods

Due to its hydrophilicity, GHK-Cu presents absorption challenges in research applications. Advanced delivery systems, such as microneedles, nanocarriers, and ionic liquid-based microemulsions, have been developed for research purposes to enhance penetration and stability^[4][7].

References

Alshammari, N., & Platts, J. (2020). Theoretical study of copper binding to GHK peptide. Computational biology and chemistry, 86, 107265 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107265.
Zoughaib, M., Luong, D., Garifullin, R., Gatina, D., Fedosimova, S., & Abdullin, T. (2020). Enhanced angiogenic effects of RGD, GHK peptides and copper (II) compositions in synthetic cryogel ECM model.. Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications, 120, 111660 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.111660.
Dou, Y., Lee, A., Zhu, L., Morton, J., & Ladiges, W. (2020). The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide.. Aging pathobiology and therapeutics, 2 1, 58-61 . https://doi.org/10.31491/apt.2020.03.014.
Wang, Y., Lin, J., Yu, Z., Cheng, J., Cheng, J., & Cui, W. (2024). Rigid-flexible nanocarriers loaded with active peptides for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications in skin.. Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces, 236, 113772 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113772.
Pickart, L., & Margolina, A. (2021). Modulation of Gene Expression in Human Breast Cancer MCF7 and Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells by the Human Copper-Binding Peptide GHK-Cu.. , 05, 1-1. https://doi.org/10.21926/OBM.GENET.2102128.
Pyo, H., Yoo, H., Won, C., Lee, S., Kang, Y., Eun, H., Cho, K., & Kim, K. (2007). The effect of tripeptide-copper complex on human hair growth in vitro. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 30, 834-839. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02978833.
Li, H., Low, Y., Chong, H., Zin, M., Lee, C., Li, B., Leolukman, M., & Kang, L. (2015). Microneedle-Mediated Delivery of Copper Peptide Through Skin. Pharmaceutical Research, 32, 2678-2689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-015-1652-z.
Tian, L., Luo, D., Chen, D., Zhou, H., Zhang, X., Yang, X., Wang, Y., & Liu, W. (2022). Co-delivery of bioactive peptides by nanoliposomes for promotion of hair growth. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103381.
Badenhorst, T., Svirskis, D., Merrilees, M., Bolke, L., & Wu, Z. (2016). Effects of GHK-Cu on MMP and TIMP Expression, Collagen and Elastin Production, and Facial Wrinkle Parameters. Journal of Aging Science, 4, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-8847.1000166.